A significant number of older adults in the U.S. may be experiencing deficiencies in vital vitamins D and B12. Research highlights the impact of aging on nutrient absorption, indicating that more than half of U.S. adults over 50 lack sufficient vitamin D, while one in four are deficient in vitamin B12.
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A study published in the journal Nutrients examined blood samples from individuals aged 65 to 93, revealing that low levels of these vitamins are common in this age group. A 2023 study in Frontiers in Nutrition associated inadequate vitamin D levels with an increased risk of chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, and cognitive disorders. Another study from 2025 in Brain Disorders warned that vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to cognitive and nerve-related problems.
Experts, including Dr. Steven Starks, a geriatric psychiatrist, explain that aging naturally impairs the body's ability to absorb and convert these nutrients. For vitamin D, sun exposure is essential; most people require about five to ten minutes of sunlight daily for adequate production. However, older adults may need longer exposure due to changes in skin composition that hinder vitamin D conversion.
Dietary sources of vitamin D include fatty fish, eggs, and fortified foods. For vitamin B12, which is also less effectively absorbed with age, foods such as salmon, liver, clams, and dairy products are recommended.
Low levels of vitamin D can result in symptoms like bone and muscle pain, while vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to fatigue, memory problems, and unusual sensations such as tingling. Dr. Starks advises individuals to consult their healthcare providers if they notice changes in memory, mood, or experience symptoms related to vitamin deficiencies. Doctors may suggest supplementation if deficiencies are identified.