On September 17, 2026, researchers at Virginia Tech are examining the appeal and long-term effects of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Alex DiFeliceantonio, an appetitive neuroscientist at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, leads the research out of her lab, referred to as DONNUT, which humorously emphasizes a focus on such snack foods through its decor and activities.

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DiFeliceantonio's work revolves around understanding why UPFs are so hard to resist and how they affect our health. The lab is exploring critical questions related to the negative health impacts of UPFs, which include a range of items such as chips, packaged cookies, and sugary drinks. Research has shown links between diets high in these foods and increased risks of serious health issues like cancer and dementia, though the reasons behind these correlations remain unclear.

To investigate why certain foods may be particularly harmful, participants in DiFeliceantonio's studies are compensated to consume various foods and beverages. Her research focuses on whether the consumption of UPFs changes how our brains and bodies function.

The lab's goal extends beyond just identifying problems; it aims to understand how individual physiological differences affect eating behavior. This is a complex challenge, as human biology is intricate, and the diversity of available foods complicates the picture.

DiFeliceantonio notes that current food labeling regulations often fail to include all potential harmful byproducts of food processing. For example, chemical reactions during processing can produce harmful substances that may not be indicated on packaging.

Several ongoing studies address different aspects of this food dilemma. One investigation uses brain imaging to observe reactions to UPFs versus unprocessed foods, while another gauges the body's response to artificial sweeteners compared to natural sugars. A recent study examined the mental and physical implications of diets consisting exclusively of UPFs versus minimally processed foods. Many participants in this research are teenagers, as the researchers seek to understand if younger individuals are especially susceptible to the effects of UPFs.

DiFeliceantonio is also motivated by a commitment to addressing food inequality. She highlights the challenges faced by individuals in food deserts and emphasizes the need for evidence-based strategies that could lead to systemic changes in food supply and accessibility.