Study Explores Cost of Healthy Diet and Its Impact on BMI in Lebanon During Crisis

Obesity is a complex issue influenced by genetics, societal factors, and environments that limit access to nutritious foods. In Lebanon, food insecurity has been identified as a significant risk factor contributing to underweight status, while rising prices of healthy food make it difficult for many to afford balanced diets. A healthy diet is often perceived as unaffordable, which leads individuals to opt for cheaper, less nutritious food options and contributes to weight-related health issues.

The Mediterranean Diet (MD), known for its health benefits and sustainability, emphasizes plant-based foods and moderate consumption of fish. However, adherence to this diet in Lebanon has decreased as dietary habits have shifted towards high consumption of ultra-processed foods, leading to increased rates of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases.

According to the World Bank, the average cost of a nutritious diet surpasses the international poverty line in both low and high-income countries, creating a significant barrier for those in financial hardship. The study found that in Lebanon, the cost for adhering to the MD ranges from International $23.36 to $26.49 per person per day, highlighting the financial strain on households.

Conducted from May to September 2022, the cross-sectional study involved 444 Lebanese adults aged 18 to 64. Researchers discovered that 66.2% of participants were classified as underweight, overweight, or obese, with economic instability exacerbating dietary deficiencies.

The findings indicate that individuals whose food expenditure meets the minimum required for following the MD were 1.59 times more likely to maintain a healthy BMI. Moreover, higher educational levels were associated with healthier BMI outcomes, aligning with international patterns that link education to nutritional awareness and better lifestyle choices.

To effectively tackle rising obesity rates, the study advocates for government interventions to improve the affordability and accessibility of healthy foods, particularly for vulnerable populations. This includes potential fiscal policies and greater support for local farmers.

The study's limitations include reliance on self-reported dietary data, potential biases due to the economic situation, and the effects of recent crises on consumption patterns. Nevertheless, it underscores the urgent need for policies to enhance food access and promote healthier eating in Lebanon, especially as the nation navigates ongoing instability.