Research Reveals Links Between Head Injuries and Mental Health in Domestic Violence Cases

This connection is explored in research conducted by the University of Florida focusing on intimate partner violence (IPV) among military spouses. On October 29, during Domestic Violence Awareness Month, Sam Goldstein, a doctoral student and domestic violence survivor, will present her findings to the Florida National Guard.

Goldstein reports that the majority of IPV incidents—over 90%—target the head, neck, and face, often without visible marks. She highlights a significant overlap between the consequences of IPV and head trauma, noting the shared symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression that can complicate recovery.

In her study, Goldstein analyzed data from 125 military spouses who experienced various forms of IPV, including physical, sexual, psychological, and financial abuse, both with and without head trauma. Initial findings indicate that those with head injuries related to IPV exhibit higher levels of anxiety, depression, and PTSD, alongside chronic pain and increased cannabis use. Many participants reported histories of sexual violence from intimate partners.

Statistics from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that over one-third of women and one-sixth of men experience IPV during their lives. The National Violent Death Reporting System suggests that approximately one in five homicide victims is killed by an intimate partner, with abusers frequently inflicting harm to the head, neck, or face.

Goldstein notes that the health impacts of this violence extend beyond mental health, affecting various bodily systems, including cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, digestive, reproductive, and neurological systems. Research specifically involving military spouses sheds light on distinct challenges they encounter, such as the unpredictability of their living situations which may lead to a reduction in continuity of care.

To improve outcomes, Goldstein plans to advocate for screenings for potential IPV-related brain injuries in Veterans Health Administration and Department of Defense health care settings. She collaborates with the University of Florida's Sexual Assault & Alcohol Prevention Research Lab to identify unmet needs and develop interventions for adolescents, college students, and military service members.

Goldstein emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the needs of military spouses, who often serve as primary supporters for service members themselves. Unaddressed brain injuries can compound existing mental health issues, affecting their ability to parent, manage emotions, and access care services. She compares this situation to the traditional advice of securing one’s own oxygen mask before assisting others.