Researchers from Penn State have found that feeling more in control over daily stressors significantly increases the likelihood of resolving those challenges. In their study, individuals who reported greater control were 62% more likely to take action—such as dealing with a clogged toilet or addressing a difficult conversation—than when they felt less in control. This connection was even more pronounced among older adults, indicating that a sense of control is a valuable psychological resource that can improve stress management and health outcomes over time.
Read More
The findings were published in Communications Psychology. David Almeida, a professor of human development and family studies at Penn State and the study's senior author, emphasized that even minor boosts in perceived control can lead to more effective problem resolution. He noted that enhancing this feeling of control can diminish stress and support overall well-being.
The researchers sought to understand how personal control affects the resolution of stressors. For instance, they examined whether someone who believes they can resolve a billing issue is more likely to contact the service provider. They also investigated what factors influence this sense of control, including the type of stressor, its frequency, and socioeconomic status.
The study analyzed responses from over 1,700 adults participating in the National Study of Daily Experiences, part of the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS). Participants reported daily stressors and their resolutions over eight consecutive days and again ten years later to determine if perceptions of control impacted stress resolution over time.
The results showed that a sense of control varies daily and is not a fixed trait. Participants who felt more in control on a given day—scoring higher than usual on a four-point scale—were more likely to resolve stressors, regardless of the type or severity of the stress. Interestingly, this effect increased with age, with initial data showing a 61% resolution likelihood improving to 65% a decade later for those feeling more control than normal.
Almeida pointed out that daily perceptions of control can be strengthened through practical strategies, such as prioritizing tasks or breaking down larger challenges into manageable steps. Creating an environment that fosters a sense of control is essential, he added. Practical tips include focusing on achievable goals, utilizing time management tools, and reflecting on daily experiences to prepare for future challenges.
Looking ahead, the research team aims to examine how perceived control interacts with chronic stress, acknowledging the difference between resolving minor daily inconveniences and managing ongoing stressors. The study was co-authored by Eric Cerino, along with other scholars across various institutions. The work was supported by the National Institute of Aging and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities.