Research from the University of Geneva has revealed that switching from a vegetarian diet to a vegan diet can lead to rapid changes in liver metabolism within just a few days. The study, published in *Molecular Metabolism*, indicates that these effects are reversible.
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The investigation focused on two groups of mice: one following a lacto-vegetarian diet that included both plant and animal proteins, and the other strictly on a vegan diet. Scientists found that the vegan mice exhibited less efficient glucose production and had difficulty eliminating ammonia, a toxic byproduct generated during the breakdown of amino acids. Additionally, a notable decrease in physical activity was observed among the vegan group.
At the center of these metabolic alterations is the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which is crucial for linking protein metabolism and sugar production in the liver. By analyzing both groups of mice lacking GDH, researchers confirmed that the absence of this enzyme significantly impaired ammonia management and blood glucose regulation in those on a vegan diet compared to those consuming animal proteins.
Professor Pierre Maechler, a leading researcher on the study, emphasized that while metabolic changes occur rapidly with dietary adjustments, the body can return to normal functions within one to two days upon reintroducing animal proteins.
The findings underscore the liver's adaptability but also highlight the importance of a balanced diet, particularly for those choosing a vegan lifestyle. To support liver metabolism, it is recommended to include protein sources rich in branched-chain amino acids, such as nuts, tofu, and lentils, alongside adequate vitamin intake for anyone on a strict plant-based diet.
The study, titled "Transition to dietary plant-based proteins requires functional liver GDH for proper control of ammonia and energy homeostasis," is set to be published in 2026.